(based on Hochschild's chapter 'love and gold')

Some key points from the chapter:

• The 'brain drain'--what is it?
• The 'care drain'--how different?
• Increasing inequality between North and South--e.g., North countries on average 46 times richer in 1980, versus 20 times richer in 1960; sixty countries worse off economically in 1999 than in 1980;
• Professional women in the North vs South--personal choice, or structural pressures?
• Underemployment in the South--the 'push' factor (what's the 'pull?' Incentives to hire women from the South?)--avg age of 29 years for those immigrating to US; most have children
• Value of care, passing it on to other caregivers, like a chain
• Single mothers seem to predominate; women from third world seen as more 'caring,' 'loving'
• Care as decontextualized (removed from its context, in other words--those who provide it, those who provide care for them, what's required to immigrate, etc.)
• Extraction of 'services' versus goods, but still the flow is from South to North
• Development as a 'push' factor (as well as underdevelopment)

Feminism and 'third world women' (from Mohanty)

• Emic and etic views of the world
• Western feminist discourse vs third world feminisms
• Western vs 'non-Western' (see Said's Orientalism)
• Assumption sometimes made that patriarchy, set divisions of labor are universall
• result is an 'average' third world woman
• traits: 'sisters in struggle'; powerless; subjugated, harassed, exploited, victims of oppressive systems
• broader assumptions
  • gender as primal: 'women' can be dealth with in development as a single class
  • women as victims of oppressive systems
  • few if any offer resistance (e.g., James Scott's 'moral economy of the peasant', or 'hidden transcripts')
• class, ethnic, religious, cultural, racial, individual differences
• reinforcing what Mohanty calls 'binary divisions between men and women'
• Denies apparent contradictions, inconsistencies, complexity of other cultures