Development and change -- two separate, but often intersecting, processes

Broad social processes – who are the winners and losers?

• economic globalization
• technology transfer
• militarization
• free trade

Identifying problems

• Emic and etic perspectives

Assessing problems (from Young's planning article)

• Practical needs/interests
• Strategic interests
  • control of women's labor
  • access to resources
  • ending male violence, control of women's sexuality
  • transformatory potential

Some development design principles

• Grassroots participation.
• Sustainability.
• Collective action.
• Flexibility.
• Scalability.
• Social capital and local knowledge.
• Leverage.
• Appropriate technology
• Transparency.
• Transformatory potential.
• Change as process of institutionalization