Soc 205: Social Problems

Winter 2012

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Orwell's 1984

 

Background

  • Utopia and dystopia
  • Totalitarian government
    • use of force, torture, surveillance, control over media, propaganda
    • Why the need for such control? (according to whom?)
    • Extreme poverty, inequality
  • War (we think …)—a fearful society is a compliant society
  • Society make-up
    • Globally: Oceania, Eastasia, Eurasia (and the non-aligned states)
    • Domestically: Social classes: The Ingsoc party (inner--the ruling class; outer--civil servants; proles)
  • Reality—who’s in control of it?

Some important concepts:

  • Doublespeak
    • 'war is peace, freedom is slavery, ignorance is strength'
    • ' the'memory hole' (actually an incinerator)
    • 'Victory mansions' (really slums), 'Victory cigarettes' and gin
    • Ronald Reagan and 'peacekeeper (nuclear) missiles'
    • Bush/Cheney White House's 'Clear Skies' program (undercut 1970 'Clean Air Act')
    • Obama and the 'Troubled Asset Relief Program' ('toxic assets' become 'legacy securities')
    • Spying vs terrorist surveillance; weapons of mass destruction vs smart bombs; How about the 'Active Denial System?'
  • Big Brother
  • Information control
    • 'who controls the past, controls the future, who controls the present, controls the past'
    • techniques: Censorship, alteration of history, propaganda
  • Perpetual war ('the long war', 'war on terror')
    • demons/villains (Goldstein; al Qaida, Zarqaawi, bin Laden . . . . Islam??)
    • profiteers (who benefits?)
    • fear

Sociological concepts

  • Dismantling of social institutions (family, marriage, parent/child bonds, etc.--anything that creates potentially divided loyalties with the state)
  • Random punishment (do people know when they're being watched, or do they have to assume they're always being watched?)
  • Construction of reality—based on what? How do we know what’s real in 1984?
    • How do we know what’s real in 2008??
  • Newspeak—eliminating words from the language? Or concepts? What's the point?
  • Max Weber and legitimate authority —force is expensive, coercion is expensive—why are people so poor? Inequality? The expense of total social control?
  • Dehumanization, desensitization—to violence, sex, emotion, etc.
  • Torture, ‘re-education’ (classical conditioning) O’Brien was ‘tormentor, protector, inquisitor and friend’ (torture of Afghan detainees in Guantanamo Bay—US government 'renders' them to other countries if ' needed', in other words, 'outsources' torture)

 

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