Energy 'crises'

• Supply of highly concentrated forms.
• Places in the world using less concentrated forms (West Africa): an example
  • Wood piles in rural Africa
  • Women's work
  • Off-season income
  • Selling in the towns
  • Complications ...
  • Fires and thatch roofed huts--don't mix well
  • Land use and fire
  • the kitchen
  • Fuelwood consumption (traditional)
  • Conservation--'improved' cookstoves'
  • appropriate technology
• Use of fossil fuels to support unsustainable industrial modes of agriculture.

Food chain

Food web

Ecosystems need:

• Continuous input of high-quality energy
• Storage capacity
• Dissipative structures

'Soft' and 'hard' paths

• Energy--some basics
• Warming
• Some impacts
• Industry
• Risk