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Cyanide anion

Molecular model of cyanide anion The cyanide anion (CN-) is an example of an ionic species characterized by covalent bond. It is composed of one carbon atom and one nitrogen atom bound by a triple bond. An unshared electron pair is present on both the carbon and the nitrogen atoms (indicated by the yellow arrows). In addition due to the fact that this is an ionic species with a negative charge, there is one more delocalized electron (shown in the structural formula below).

The carbon atom has 8 electrons in its valence shell, and the nitrogen atom also has 8 electrons in its valence shell. This fulfills the Octet Rule.

Molecular model of cyanide anion The cyanide anion has a linear molecular shape.
Molecular model of cyanide anion The electron pair geometry around the carbon atom is linear. There are 2 groups of electrons around the carbon and the nitrogen atoms (indicated by the red arrows). One group of electrons is represented by the triple bond, the second group of electrons is represented by the unshared electron pair.
Structural formula of cyanide anion This is the structural formula for the cyanide anion. Brakets are used to indicate that this is an ionic species. The ion is negatively charged.






Created and maintained by: Dr. Anna Cavinato anna.cavinato@eou.edu and Dr. David Camp
All Material Copyright Eastern ChemWeb, Eastern Oregon University, 2003.